№ 4 (189) 2024 р. С. 56–61

РОЛЬ ІМУННОЇ ЛАНКИ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ ЗАПАЛЬНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У ПАРОДОНТІ

О. В. Марфіян, А. Є. Демкович, Ю. І. Бондаренко , О. Ю. Баліцька, Є. О. Лоза, Х. О. Лоза

Тернопільський національний медичний університет імені І. Я. Горбачевського Міністерства охорони здоров’я України, Тернопіль, Україна

DOI 10.32782/2226-2008-2024-4-10

Захворювання пародонта характеризуються великим поширенням серед населення, незворотністю розвитку, прогресуючим перебігом запального процесу та можуть призвести до виникнення хронічної інфекції в організмі. Мета роботи – дослідити сучасні погляди на роль імунної системи та її гуморальної ланки в патогенезі запальних процесів у пародонті. У разі цих запально-деструктивних процесів спостерігається підвищення рівня імуноглобулінів, кількісні та якісні зміни Т- і В-лімфоцитів, посилення синтезу аутоантитіл, що ініціюють і підтримують запалення. Активовані мікроорганізмами моноцити та макрофаги синтезують каскад цитокінів, викликаючи дисбаланс між про- та протизапальним пулом. Імунопатологічні процеси мають вагоме значення у формуванні та прогресуванні запальних захворювань пародонта, їхній перебіг залежить від порушень у специфічній і неспецифічній ланках вродженого та адаптивного імунітету.

Ключові слова: пародонтит, слизова оболонка порожнини рота, цитокіни, імуноглобуліни, пародонт, імунітет, нейтрофіли.

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