N 6 (197) 2025. P. 40–45

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS MICROBIOME IN ACUTE BACTERIAL RHINOSINUSITIS

V. P. Polianska, G. A. Loban, M. I. Bezega, S. V. Zachepylo, I. M. Zviagolska

Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine

DOI 10.32782/2226-2008-2025-6-5

The onset and progression of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are influenced by infection, genetic, and environmental factors. The application of modern microbiological methods has expanded the etiological spectrum of microorganisms capable of causing acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Aim of the study is to investigate the species composition and population levels of the microbiome in the maxillary sinus mucosa, assessing their adhesive potential in cases of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.

Materials and research methods. The study involved 38 patients diagnosed with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, from whom 45 clinical microbial strains were isolated and identified. Diagnosis was confirmed based on the presence of objective and subjective clinical signs. Microbial cultivation followed standard protocols, with final biochemical identification performed using the automated Vitek 2 bacteriological analyser. Adhesive activity of clinical strains was determined via the V.I. Brillis et al. method, calculating the mean adhesion index.

Results. Under conditions of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, the structure of clinically significant microbial strains was dominated by S. aureus, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis. Additionally, the aetiological significance of commensal bacteria such as S. epidermidis, S. warneri, and K. rizophilia was established in the development of the disease. The clinical isolates exhibited a high level of microbial colonisation in the maxillary sinuses. In 78% of patients with acute bacterial sinusitis, a mono-infection was detected, while 22% showed an association of multiple microorganisms. Among the clinical isolates colonising the mucous membranes of the maxillary sinuses in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, 81% demonstrated high and 19% moderate adhesive activity. The findings indicate an increasing role of opportunistic microorganisms in the aetiopathogenesis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, driven by their virulence and significant population levels of pathogens.

Key words: acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, microbiome, adhesion.

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