N 4 (189) 2024. P. 72–77

DIABETES MELLITUS AND COVID-19: A POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION AND RISKS OF DEVELOPMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Ye. I. Yurchenko, G. F. Stepanov, I. V. Yurchenko

Odesa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine

DOI 10.32782/2226-2008-2024-4-12

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for nearly 90–95% of all diabetes cases and has a global prevalence.

The aim of the study is to analyse the latest research on the clinical features of diabetes mellitus in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 and to assess the risks of new-onset diabetes at the post-acute phase of the disease.

Materials and methods. The latest scientific publications were studied and analysed using relevant keywords using open scientometric databases such as Scopus, Science Direct (by Elsevier), and PubMed.

Results. Patients with T2DM have an increased risk of severe COVID-19, characterized by rapid progression of inflammation, the need for admission to the intensive care unit, and frequent severe complications that affect disease prognosis. A distinctive feature of the T2DM course in patients with COVID-19 was the early development of diabetic ketoacidosis, which required change of therapy. The key pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of diabetes during COVID-19 include β-cell damage and insulin resistance. A higher risk of new-onset T2DM was observed among critically ill COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized to intensive care units, required mechanical ventilation, and had poorly controlled hyperglycemia. The time period of follow-up of patients who have recovered from COVID-19, duration of hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes remain debatable issues and need further research and development of screening programs for patient examination.

Key words: type 2 diabetes, risks of development, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19.

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