N 4 (189) 2024. P. 40–45

THE LEVEL OF MOLECULAR MARKERS ACTIVITY ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH OPTIC NEURITIS

N. I. Khramenko, L. M. Velychko, N. V. Konovalova, O. V. Bohdanova

SI “The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Odesa, Ukraine

Odesa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine

DOI 10.32782/2226-2008-2024-4-7

Optic neuritis (ON) is one of the frequent causes of acute damage to the optic nerve.

The research aims to determine the activation of molecular markers ICAM-1 (CD54), CD5, CD25, CD95 levels on the peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with ON and its complications.

Materials and methods. Examinations were carried out: 1 group – 16 patients (22 eyes) with idiopathic ON (papillitis). The duration of the disease from the first symptoms to diagnosis with this examination was no more than 30 days. Group 2 – 8 patients (14 eyes) with partial atrophy of the optic nerve (PAON) as a result of ON. The duration of the disease from the first symptoms to the diagnosis ranged from 180 to 1825 days. Indicators of the molecular activation markers on CD3+ lymphocytes were determined using monoclonal antibodies by immunofluorescence method.

Results: In ON and PAON groups, the number of CD3+ lymphocytes with the expression of the pro-inflammatory marker ICAM-1 (CD54) 3.4–6.3 times exceeds the norm; the expression of the marker CD25 early activation 1.9–4.6 times exceeds the norm; with the expression of the autoimmune action marker CD5 2.2–4.9 times exceeds the norm; the expression of the apoptosis marker CD95 2.4–5.1 times exceeds the norm. The expression of ICAM-1 (CD54), CD5, CD25 and CD95 markers correlates directly with the cell immunity indicators CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ and also with the level of B-lymphocytes (CD19+) as an indicator of humoral immunity.

Conclusions: the level of expression of activation markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with ON and PAON was determined: the level of molecular markers of lymphocyte activation CD54, CD5, CD25, CD95 significantly exceeds the norm – 1.9–6.3 times. The expression of these markers correlates directly with the cell and humoral immunity. This determines the active participation of the markers in the immune response in ON and in its pathogenesis.

Key words: optic neuritis, partial atrophy of the optic nerve, cellular and humoral immunity, markers of lymphocyte activation.

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