N 3 (184) 2023. P. 52–56

FEATURES OF DIAGNOSIS AND OBSERVATION OF CHILDREN WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA AND PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY THE SARS-COV-2 VIRUS ACCORDING TO MODERN GUIDELINES

Yu. V. Marushko, S. O. Kramarov, A. O. Pysariev, S. P. Kryvopustov, L. O. Palatna

Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine

DOI 10.32782/2226-2008-2023-3-10

Topicality. Pneumonia is an actual problem of practical medicine. The diagnosis of pneumonia is complex and requires a comprehensive study taking into account many factors.

Purpose is generalization of literature data on modern methods of pneumonia diagnosis.

Methods. Analysis of scientific publications in international electronic scientometric databases for the last 10 years.

The results. New guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia are analyzed. The modern classification of pneumonia is described. The characteristics of different types of pneumonia diagnostics depending on the severity of the patients are given. The advantages and disadvantages of each diagnostic method are described. The advantages of acoustic diagnosis of pneumonia at different stages of treatment are given.

Conclusions. Pneumonia remains an actual problem, and its diagnosis needs improvement. The use of new methods of acoustic diagnostics is a promising method in pediatrics in children.

Key words: pneumonia, children, COVID-19, SARS-CоV-2, laboratory-instrumental diagnosis.

REFERENCES

  1. Rao A, Huynh E, Royston TJ, Kornblith A, Roy S. (2019). Acoustic Methods for Pulmonary Diagnosis. IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering, 12, 221–239. https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2018.2874353.
  2. Yun KW, Wallihan R, Juergensen A, Mejias A, Ramilo, O. (2019). Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: Myths and Facts. American journal of perinatology, 36(S 02), S54–S57. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691801
  3. Klinichna nastanova, zasnovana na dokazakh “Pnevmonii u ditei” 02.08.2022. [Clinical guideline based on evidence “Pneumonia in children” 02.08.2022]. (in Ukrainian).
  4. Nakaz (Order) MOZ Ukrainy № 1380. Standarty medychnoi dopomohy “Pozalikarniani pnevmonii u ditei” vid 02.08.2022 [Standards of medical care “Community-acquired pneumonia in children” from 02.08.2022]. (in Ukrainian).
  5. Brouwers MC, Spithoff K, Lavis J, Kho ME, Makarski J, Florez ID. (2020). What to do with all the AGREEs? The AGREE portfolio of tools to support the guideline enterprise. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 125, 191–197. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.025
  6. Clark JE, Hammal D, Hampton F, Spencer D, Parker L. (2007). Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children seen in hospital. Epidemiology and infection, 135(2), 262–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268806006741
  7. Senstad AC, Surén P, Brauteset L, Eriksson JR, Høiby EA, Wathne KO. (2009). Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children in Oslo, Norway. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 98(2), 332–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1651-2227.2008.01088.x
  8. Weigl JA, Puppe W, Belke O, Neusüss J, Bagci F, Schmitt HJ. (2005). Population-based incidence of severe pneumonia in children in Kiel, Germany. Klinische Padiatrie, 217(4), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-822699
  9. Marushko YV, Khomych OV, Hyshchak TV, Tarynska OL, Shchegel GO. (2021) Suchasnyi stan problemy zastosuvannia promenevykh ta akustychnykh metodiv diahnostyky pnevmonii, u tomu chysli vyklykanoi virusom SARS-COV-2, u ditei. Ohliad. [State of the art usage of radiological and acoustic methods for the diagnosis o pneumonia, including those caused bySARS-COV-2 virus, in children. Review.]. Medical science of Ukraine,17(2),114-124. doi: https://doi.org/10.32345/2 664-4738.2.2021.16. (in Ukrainian).
  10. Marushko YuV, Khomych OV. (2023) Assessment of acoustic signal characteristics in children with community-acquired pneumonia according to the prevalence and nature of lung tissue damage using the new device «Trembita-Corona». Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine, 2 (130), 79-88. doi 10.15574/SP.2023.130.79
  11. Isaienko V, Kharchenko V, Astanin V, Shchegel G, Olefir V, Olefir O, Olefir A, Khomych O, Khomych V. (2020) System for acoustic diagnostics and symptomatic assistance to COVID-19 patients for use in extremal conditions “TREMBITA-CORONА NAU”. Advances in Aerospace Technology, 1(82), 58–63. doi: 10.18372/2306-1472.82.14612.
  12. Clark JE, Hammal D, Spencer D, Hampton F. (2007). Children with pneumonia: how do they present and how are they managed?. Archives of disease in childhood, 92(5), 394–398. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.097402
  13. Palafox M, Guiscafré H, Reyes H, Munoz O, Martínez H. (2000). Diagnostic value of tachypnoea in pneumonia defined radiologically. Archives of disease in childhood, 82(1), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.82.1.41
  14. Revised WHO Classification and Treatment of Pneumonia in Children at Health Facilities: Evidence Summaries. (2014). World Health Organization.
  15. Marushko YuV, Khomych OV. (2023) Characterization of the average power, frequency and amplitude of acoustic signal peaks over the lungs in children with community-acquired pneumonia using the new device “TREMBITA-CORONA”. Medical science of Ukraine, 19(1), 53-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.1.2023.08.
  16. Marushko YV, Khomych OV. (2022) Frequency characteristics of acoustic features of sound signals in the lungs of children with pneumonia using a new acoustic diagnostic device “Trembita-Corona”. Neonatology, surgery, perinatal medicine, 4(46), 59-66. doi: 10.24061/2413-4260.XIІ.4.46.2022.10.
  17. Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, Alverson B, Carter ER, Harrison C, Kaplan SL, Mace SE, McCracken GH, Jr Moore MR., St Peter SD, Stockwell JA, Swanson JT, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2011). Executive summary: the management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 53(7), 617–630. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir625
  18. Choi H, Qi X, Yoon SH, Park SJ, Lee KH, Kim JY, Lee YK, Ko H, Kim KH, Park CM, Kim YH, Lei J, Hong JH, Kim H, Hwang EJ, Yoo SJ, Nam JG, Lee CH, Goo JM. (2020). Erratum: Extension of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Chest CT and Implications for Chest Radiograph Interpretation. Cardiothoracic imaging, 2(2), e204001. https:// doi.org/10.1148/ryct.2020204001
  19. Oterino Serrano C, Alonso E, Andrés M, Buitrago NM, Pérez Vigara A, Parrón Pajares M, Cuesta López E, Garzón Moll G, Martin Espin I, Bueno Barriocanal M, De Ceano-Vivas la Calle M, Calvo Rey C, Bret-Zurita M. (2020). Pediatric chest x-ray in covid-19 infection. European journal of radiology, 131, 109236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109236
  20. Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Radiologie (GPR). Atemwegserkrankungen BildgebendeDiagnostik.(2013)http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/064009l_S1_Atemwegserkrankung Bildgebende_Diagnostik_2013-03_01.pdf. 17 Aug 2016. Accessed
  21. Virkki R, Juven T, Mertsola J, Ruuskanen O. (2005). Radiographic follow-up of pneumonia in children. Pediatric pulmonology, 40(3), 223–227. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.20258
  22. Lu W, Zhang S, Chen B, Chen J, Xian J, Lin Y, Shan H, Su ZZ. (2020). A Clinical Study of Noninvasive Assessment of Lung Lesions in Patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) by Bedside Ultrasound. Nicht-invasive Beurteilung von pulmonalen Läsionen bei Patienten mit Coronavirus-Erkrankung (COVID-19) durch Ultraschall direkt am Krankenbett. Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980), 41(3), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1154-8795
  23. Pereda MA, Chavez MA, Hooper-Miele CC, Gilman RH, Steinhoff MC, Ellington LE, Gross M, Price C, Tielsch JM, Checkley W. (2015). Lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 135(4), 714–722. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-2833
  24. Mayo PH, Copetti R, Feller-Kopman D, Mathis G, Maury E, Mongodi S, Mojoli F, Volpicelli G, Zanobetti M. (2019). Thoracic ultrasonography: a narrative review. Intensive care medicine, 45(9), 1200–1211. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00134-019-05725-8
  25. Kurian J, Levin TL, Han BK, Taragin BH, Weinstein S. (2009). Comparison of ultrasound and CT in the evaluation of pneumonia complicated by parapneumonic effusion in children. American journal of roentgenology, 193(6), 1648–1654. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.2791
  26. le Roux DM, Zar HJ. (2017). Community-acquired pneumonia in children – a changing spectrum of disease. Pediatric radiology, 47(11), 1392–1398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8
  27. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2021 Apr 21-2023 Jul 21. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570371/
  28. Ofitsiinyi vebportal parlamentu Ukrainy [Internet]. Pro zatverdzhennia protokolu “Nadannia medychnoi dopomohy dlia likuvannia koronavirusnoi khvoroby (COVID-19)”. Dostupno na: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0762282-20#Text
  29. Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS. (2001). PedsQL 4.0: reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Medical care, 39(8), 800–812. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200108000-00006
  30. Varni JW, Limbers CA, Burwinkle TM. (2007). Parent proxy-report of their children’s health-related quality of life: an analysis of 13,878 parents’ reliability and validity across age subgroups using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Health and quality of life outcomes, 5, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-2.
  31. Huang YC, Chen YC, Gau BS, Wang JK, Chang SH, Yang HL. (2023). Psychometric evaluation of the traditional chinese version of PedsQL™ 3.0 cardiac module scale in adolescents with congenital heart disease: reliability, validity, measurement invariance, and adolescent-parent agreement. Health and quality of life outcomes, 21(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12955-023-02121-1.
View article PDF