Визначення механічної стабільності дентальних імплантатів за допомогою частотно-резонансного аналізу

Abstract

Статья посвящена методам определения механической стабильности эндоссальных дентальных имплантатов. Механическая стабильность имплантата является важным показателем нормальной остеоинтеграции. Проведен обзор существующих методик определения стабильности имплантатов с позиции и информативности и объективности. С использованием частотно-резонансного анализа показано, что механическая стабильность имплантатов выше в группе пациентов, у которых для планирования имплантации применялась конусно-лучевая компьютерная томография. Среднее значение коэффициента стабильности имплантата в основной группе достигает 68,9±8,4, в контрольной — 62,6±13,1, что достоверно (р<0,05) выше в основной группе.

Dental implantation allows to achieve the rehabilitation of patients with various forms of adentia in situations where different protocols of prosthetics are not effective or harmful to the surrounding teeth. Fixation of the implant in the bone is due to the mechanical linkages. The success of osseointegration, and, consequently, implantation as a whole is largely dependent on the mechanical stability of the implant. There are various techniques that determine the stability of the implant indirectly or directly. These include clinical, radiological, torque test, periotest, resonance frequency analysis. Resonance frequency analysis provides an objective assessment of the stability of the implant using Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) on a scale from one to one hundred.This study included 46 patients with partial secondary adentia of lower jaw, which has been indicated to install one implant in the lateral section. Patients were divided into two equal groups (23 patients in each). Determination of ISQ in both groups was performed immediately after fixation of the implant before suturing. In the control group the diagnosis and implant planning was performed using conventional methods of digital orthopantomography. The patients of the main group in addition to research described got cone-beam computer tomography of implantation area before and after surgery. The stability of the implant according to the postoperative study was higher in patients of the main group. In the study group of 20 cases (87%) ISQ was over or equal to 65, which allows for one-stage implant prosthetics. In the control group such ISQ value was obtained in only 10 cases (43.5%). Mean ISQ in the study group was 68.9±8.4, in the control group — 62.6±13.1. In the study group ISQ was significantly (p<0.05) higher