N 2 (183) 2023. P. 94–97

IMMUNE MECHANISMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND THE WAY OF ITS CORRECTION

S. M. Pukhlik, V. K. Bohdanov, I. V. Diedykova

Odesa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine

DOI 10.32782/2226-2008-2023-2-17

Purpose. Allergic rhinitis is a global health problem worldwide. Despite certain successes achieved in the field of pathophysiology of AR (allergic rhinitis), a number of questions remain regarding the importance of immune mechanisms in the realization of different phenotypes of AR.

Materials and methods. We conducted an analysis of the scientific literature regarding the possibility of using immunomodulatory drugs to restore the balance between the immune states of TH1 and TH2 cytokines.

Results. Recent clinical studies have found that using the mushroom Coriolus versicolor is able to balance Th1 and Th2 immune states, thereby reversing the “Th1-to-Th2 shift”. From the point of view of nutritional immunomodulation, it has been observed that diet and nutrition can influence the functioning of various immune parameters. This concept can be used in attempts to prevent or mitigate allergic reactions through the development of targeted food products or ingredients. In this sense, there are foods and ingredients that show potential, with a particular focus on pro- and prebiotics, i.e. β-glucans and fungal immunomodulatory proteins.

Conclusions. An analysis of the scientific literature on the study of the possibility of the effect of plant substances as an immunomodulatory drug demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum is an effective remedy for restoring the normal balance between the immune states of TH1 and TH2 cytokines in patients with histamine-mediated allergic reactions. We believe that the given information about the mechanisms of action of Ganoderma lucidum in the form of the drug Asthmagan is sufficiently convincing for its possible use in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Key words: allergic rhinitis, type I hypersensitivity reaction, IgE, T-lymphocytes, cytokine Th1, cytokine Th2, Ganoderma lucidum.

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