Medical records of 781 patients with blunt and penetrating polytrauma had been studied. The group of patients with associated injuries of the vital organs of the upper half of the trunk had been revealed (brain, lungs, heart, thorax), that is the first level risk organs. The mentioned injuries led to the extremely high mortality. Respiratory insufficiency and shock were the main cause of early death among the polytrauma victims.The scheme of early treatment with an emphasis at the surgical part of respiratory support had been suggested.
