Increasingly for bone defects substitution in some fields of medicine there are used biomaterials of different origin. Last years in medical practice were introduced modifications of known alloplastic materials in which the latest achievements of the manufacture in biomaterials were used. New biologic elements adding improve the properties of synthetic biomaterials allows them to create even osteoinductive potential. This is not exception in regard the domestic bioactive ceramic composite “Synthebone” (BCC). It is a mixture or individual components of synthetic ceramic phases: hydroxyapatite, b-tricalciumphosphate and bioglass. Manufacturer has modificated bioactive ceramic composite for bone grafting “Synthebone” by alloying with silver and copper ions. There selected pattern of nanostructured BCC represents microporous granules (porosity within 40%) ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 mm, that consist of evenly distributed parts (size 30–50 nm) of hydroxyapatite (15%), b-tricalciumphosphate (15%) and bioglass (70%). Additional bioceramics was enriched by silver and copper ions in the amount of 1 and 0.5% correspondingly. For further bone formation we have chosen the preparation “Alflutop” which contains glycosaminoglycans and sulfated polysaccharides, which found its application in dentistry.
The aim of this research was to study the impact of domestic synthetic bioceramics and its modification in the composition with the preparation «Alflutop» on the processes of reparative osteogenesis in vivo. Widespread osteoplastic material “Bio-Oss” (Geistlich,Switzerland) was chosen for the comparison.
The experiments were held with 72 white rats of Vistar line. The alveolar bone defect was restored under thiopental general anesthesia (20 mg/kg). The graft material “Bio-Oss” with saline and osteotropic composition of BCC with the preparation “Alflutop” (composition N 1) and osteotropic composition of BCC, that was alloyed with ions of silver and copper, with the same preparation (composition N 2) were prepared ex tempore in sterile surgical crucible and were introduced into osseous defects.
Based on the results of microscopic examination in intact rats group it was determined normal bone structure of the alveolar processes. In the second group of animals on the 10th day after defects formation without treatment was found bone fragmentation created by mechanical action. There were numerous voids in the bone tissue as a result of destructive processes. Within one month after bone defect formation there were still absent signs of early reparative processes and bone formation.
In the group, where the bone defect was replaced by osteoplastic material “Bio-Oss”, within 10 days after implantation the structural changes were the same. It was noted destruction and resorption of bone plates in histological preparations. But one month later were indicated signs of bone repair in this group of animals.
Within 10 days after bone defect filling by osteotropic composition N 1 structural changes of bone defect and soft tissue formations were identical to the previous group of animals in the same observation period. A month later in bone tissues of rats from this group there were revealed signs of osteogenesis, increased number of osteocytes and noted accumulation of large amounts of intercellular substance.
Within 10 days after experimental bone defect plasty by osteotropic composition N 2 was noted fragmentation and focal necrosis of bone plates. However, a month later in histological preparations from this group of animals has been revealed the formation of well vascularzed bone areas which are located near destructively altered bone parts.
This study indicates that the natures of morphopathological changes after bone defect treatment with or without using the biomaterials are virtually identical on the 10th day. However, a month after bone substitution by bovine biomaterial “Bio-Oss” or compositions (N 1 and 2) characteristics of lesions differed from the rats group without osteoplastic materials application. There were no essential qualitative and quantitative differences between more expensive xenogenic material and osteotropic compositions on the basis of bioceramics in bone repair.
Thus, our findings provide some basis to recommend for use in clinical practice domestic osteoplastic bioceramic composite “Synthebone” which osteostimulative effect enhanced with the preparation “Alflutop”. And ceramic enrichment with silver ions and copper within the specified concentration without bone repair inhibition can be used in clinical situations where antimicrobial effect is necessary.