Actuality of the work is associated with the fact that cervical cancer (CC) occupies the second place among prevalence among oncology of women reproductive organs and the third place — in structure of general death rate of women from oncologic pathology after breast and lung cancer. Last years the situation is getting worse.
The aim of the work is analysis of realization measures directed to CC prevention to development, reorganization and improvement of available screening systems, in particular, cytological screening.
It is analysed the practice of application of method of exfoliative cytological analysis, developed by George Papanicolau, Bethesda system, which is elaborated with the purpose of standardization of terminology, allowing to define recommendations on the further algorithm of examination and medical treatment of patients with cervical pathology, as well also traditional cytological method of cervical examination. There were demonstrated their shortcomings, in particular, the per cent of false-negative results — from 5 to 55. A high economic efficiency of the simultaneous conducting of HPV-test and PAP-test is explained. There are shown the advantages of the new autocytological systems, a so called liquid cytology method.
At the same time there is the limit of cytomorphological researches, colposcopy data and morphological researches, which allow to detect the changed cervical epithelium, but do not allow prognosing malignancy of the cervical epithelium before the cellular changes. There is a necessity of monitoring prognostic molecular markers, which are revealed long before the clinical signs, and allow to conduct in time a more careful diagnostics and preventive therapy, and to reveal a risk group for development of pre-cancer and cervical cance. Taking it into account diagnostic constituents of the screening programs on early revealing of cervical diseases must be analyzed.