N 1 (186) 2024 р. P. 68–74

COMPLICATIONS DURING PREGNANCY ON THE BACKGROUND OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

V. M. Zaporozhan, V. H. Marichereda, L. I. Berlinska,
Yu. Yu. Petrovskiy, O. M. Pavlovska, G. L. Lavrynenko

Odesa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine

DOI 10.32782/2226-2008-2024-1-11

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide; it is one of the leading risk factors for many physical diseases, adversely affecting fertility and pregnancy, especially in countries with a low economic level. According to the World Health Organization, overweight and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) in women of reproductive age are 39.2% and 15.1%. Overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age are associated with problems with conception, the course of pregnancy, and complications during childbirth.

The aim of the study. Based on a literature review of current scientific research, the article aims to analyze the possible risks of complications during pregnancy in overweight and obese women, namely: pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, premature birth, late birth, and complications during childbirth.

Materials and methods. The present article analyzes the scientometric databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PMC free article, and Google Scholar from 2018 to 2023. A total of 30 studies covering more than 26 million women in Europe, Asia, the United States and China are included.

Results. Being overweight and obese before pregnancy is associated with increased risks of miscarriage, repeated pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension, labor will last longer, the risk of induction of labor is increased, and the risk of unplanned caesarean section in active labor is significantly increased, especially in firstborns. Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity and/or excessive gestational weight gain are high risk factors for moderate, severe, and late-onset preeclampsia. The indicators of the complications listed above are growing in parallel with the indicators of overweight and obesity in the population.

Key words: obesity, miscarriage, gestational diabetes and hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm and post-term birth.

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