N 4 (185) 2023. P. 14–17

NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE AND LYMPHOCYTE-TO-MONOCYTE RATIO IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF RATS WITH SECONDARY CHRONIC CARRAGEENAN INFLAMMATION AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF THE THROMBIN BLOCKER DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE

V. O. Shevchenko

Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine

DOI 10.32782/2226-2008-2023-4-2

Introduction. Neutrophil-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-monocyte ratios determine the activity of the inflammatory process and are widely used as prognostic criteria for the development of various diseases and the rate of wound healing. The lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, along with the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood, can be reliably used to predict the course of chronic inflammation.

Objective. To determine neutrophil-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-monocyte ratios in the peripheral blood of rats with secondary chronic carrageenan inflammation after administration of the thrombin blocker – dabigatran etexilate.

Materials and methods. The experimental study was conducted on 72 adult male WAG rats weighing 180–200 g. The model of inflammation was a secondary chronic aseptic inflammation induced by intramuscular injection of 10 mg of λ-carrageenan (Sigma, USA) into the thigh area. Dabigatran etexilate was administered intragastrically through a gavage tube at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day daily throughout the experiment. The neutrophil-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in the peripheral blood was studied on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the experiment.

Results. When comparing the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in secondary chronic carrageenan inflammation after administration of dabigatran etexilate with that in the natural course of inflammation, a significant increase in it was observed on day 14 by 3.1 times, p<0,05, and the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio significantly increased on day 28 by 1.3 times, p<0,01.

Conclusion. The data obtained indicates a positive dynamic of the course of secondary chronic carrageenan inflammation after administration of dabigatran etexilate in comparison with its natural course.

Key words: secondary chronic carrageenan inflammation, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, peripheral blood, dabigatran etexilate.

REFERENCES

  1. Libby P. Inflammatory mechanisms: the molecular basis of inflammation and disease. Nutr Rev. 2007;65(12Pt2):140-146. doi: 1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00352.x. PMID: 18240538.
  2. Ferrero-Miliani L, Nielsen OH, Andersen PS, Girardin SE. Chronic inflammation: importance of NOD2 and NALP3 in interleukin-1beta generation. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007; 147(2): 227-235. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03261.x. PMID: 17223962; PMCID:
  3. Song M, Graubard BI, Rabkin CS, Engels EA. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in the United States general Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1): 464. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79431-7. PMID: 33431958; PMCID: PMC7801737.
  4. Mortaz E, Alipoor SD, Adcock IM, Mumby S, Koenderman L. Update on Neutrophil Function in Severe Inflammation. Front 2018;9:2171. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02171. PMID: 30356867; PMCID: PMC6190891.
  5. Lowsby R, Gomes C, Jarman I, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio as an early indicator of blood stream infection in the emergency Emerg Med J. 2015; 32(7): 531-534. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2014-204071. Epub 2014 Sep 2. PMID: 25183249.
  6. Lee JS, Kim NY, Na SH, Youn YH, Shin Reference values of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume in healthy adults in South Korea. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97(26): e11138. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011138. PMID: 29952958; PMCID: PMC6039688.
  7. Sierzega M, Lenart M, Rutkowska M, et Preoperative Neutrophil-Lymphocyte and Lymphocyte-Monocyte Ratios Reflect Immune Cell Population Rearrangement in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017; 24(3): 808-815. doi: 10.1245/s10434-016-5634-0. Epub 2016 Oct 21. PMID: 27770341; PMCID: PMC5306070.
  8. Shibutani M, Maeda K, Nagahara H, Iseki Y, Ikeya T, Hirakawa K. Prognostic significance of the preoperative lymphocyte- to-monocyte ratio in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett. 2017;13(2):1000-1006. doi: 10.3892/ol.2016.5487. Epub 2016 Dec PMID: 28356991; PMCID: PMC5351160.
  9. Radhakrishnan R, Moore SA, Sluka KA. Unilateral carrageenan injection into muscle or joint induces chronic bilateral hyperalgesia in Pain. 2003;104(3): 567-577. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00114-3. PMID: 12927629; PMCID: PMC2732018.
  10. Dittmeier M, Wassmuth K, Schuhmann MK, Kraft P, Kleinschnitz C, Fluri F. Dabigatran Etexilate Reduces Thrombin- Induced Inflammation and Thrombus Formation in Experimental Ischemic Curr Neurovasc Res. 2016;13(3):199-206. doi: 10.2174/1567202613666160517122605. PMID: 27184031.
  11. Durmaz S, Kurtoğlu T, Rahman ÖF, et al. Direct oral anticoagulant agents attenuate temporary aortic occlusion-induced renal oxidative and inflammatory responses in rats. Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derg. 2022; 30(2): 184-191. doi: 5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2022.22831. PMID: 36168569; PMCID: PMC9473587.
  12. Vogler GA. Anesthesia and Analgesia. In: Suckow MA, Weisbroth SH, Franklin CL, editors. The Laboratory Rat. 2nd ed. Burlington (MA): Academic Press; 2006. Chapter 19. p. 627-664. doi: 1016/B978-012074903-4/50022-4.
  13. Abdi-Azar H, Abbasi-Maleki S. Comparison of the anesthesia with thiopental sodium alone and their combination with Citrus aurantium (Rutaseae) essential oil in male rat. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci. 2014; 3: 37-44.
  14. Mishra P, Singh U, Pandey CM, Mishra P, Pandey G. Application of student’s t-test, analysis of variance, and covariance. Ann Card Anaesth. 2019; 22(4): 407-411. doi: 10.4103/aca.ACA_94_19. PMID: 31621677; PMCID: PMC6813708.
View article PDF