N 5 (177) 2021. P. 53–59

BIOCHEMISTRY OF SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM MEMORY

G. F. Stepanov, N. Ye. Yasinenko, V. L. Davydenko, A. G. Vasylieva

Odesa National Medical University MH of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine

DOI 10.54229/2226-2008-2021-5-10

Memory is provided by changes in synapses in neural circuits: short-term memory — by functional changes in a separate sensory neuron and a separate motor neuron, long-term memory — by structural changes (regrowth of new synapses). During the formation of short-term memory in synapses, cAMP, protein kinase A, are used, which act inside the cell and transmit a signal that cause the release of large amounts of the neurotransmitter glutamate.

Two independent mechanisms are involved in the formation of long-term memory:

— one triggers a long-term strengthening of synaptic connections, directing protein kinase A to the nucleus, which activates the CREB protein, thereby turning on the structural genes encoding proteins necessary for the growth of new synaptic connections;

— the other reinforces the already formed memory, supporting the newly formed synaptic endings, which requires local synthesis of proteins.

Key words: short-term memory, long-term memory, synaptic connections.

 

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