We examined 157 postmenopausal women aged (57.5±1.2) years, of which 103 women had osteoporosis (OP) (group I) and 24 morphologically diagnosed with osteomalacia (OM) (group II), control group (III) — 30 practically healthy women.
Vitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined in the blood serum. With X-ray densitometry, the bone mineral density in the femoral neck area was examined. The assessment of the state of skeletal muscle tissue was carried out using ultrasound examination of the main ultrasound parameters of m. quadriceps femoris. The functional assessment of the state of the musculoskeletal system was carried out using the “Insight TM”.
In patients with OM, in comparison with patients with OP, significantly greater structural and functional changes in the musculoskeletal system were revealed (p<0.05), as well as a higher level of PTH (p<0.05), a lower 25(OH)D (p<0.05). Ultrasound measurement of muscle parameters provides information about muscle strength, its contractile capacity and is a tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment of sarcopenia. Deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D are risk factors in the development of SP (decreased muscle strength, coordination of body movements in space, reaction time, functional mobility), the components of which increase the risk of falls and low-energy fractures.