During last 10 years, there has been a progressive increase in the number of cases of endometrial cancer, which occupies the 4th place among other forms of malignant neoplasms in women. Hyperplastic processes in the endometrium are among the proliferative processes that, with a long course without treatment, can serve as a backdrop for the development of neoplasias. The aim of the study was to study the rate of microsatellite instability (MSI) and ESR gene methylation in patients with endometrial polyps and hyperplasia, depending on the presence of infertility. 210 patients with endometrial pathology were examined: 61 patients with endometrial polyps, 80 with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and 69 patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia.
Patients with endometrial hyperplasia with infertility in the superfluous proliferative endometrial cells MSI and gene ESR methylation arise more often. The aim of the study was to study the rate of MSI occurrence and the ESR gene methylation in patients with endometrial polyps and hyperplasia, depending on the presence of infertility. In polyps and endometrial hyperplasia in nullipara women, the same causal relationship with the MSI + phenotype and the development of methylation of the gene regulating the function of estrogen receptors is traced. Microsatellite instability and epigenetic disruption of the ESR gene in patients with endometrial hyperplasia are more common when atypia appears in endometrial cells and can serve as a criterion for the pathological process progression.