Spontaneous premature abortion is one of the most complex and socially significant problems of obstetrics and gynecology today.
A significant number of factors affects the course and outcome of pregnancy and their effects at the final stage are realized at the level of the central nervous system. The functions of the nervous system is based on the interaction between the two main processes of nervous activity — excitation and inhibition. Some role in the implementation of these processes is given to neurotransmitter amino acids. Violation of their balance may cause pathological processes that manifest in dysfunction of the nervous system.
The purpose of the study was to find out the excitatory and inhibitory aminoacidergic neurotransmitters dynamics changes — glycine, glutamine, aspartic acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid in the women’s blood plasma with abortion in different terms.
227 pregnant women who were admitted to the Kharkiv perinatal center were examined, 190 of them had clinical signs of premature birth at the time of gestation for 23–36 weeks. Formation of clinical groups was carried out depending on the term of pregnancy in the form of premature and timely birth. Preterm labor diagnosis was carried out in the presence of abdominal pain syndrome and structural changes in the cervix. The research was carried out in compliance with the bioethics principles.
The imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms with signs of inhibition of protective inhibition develops in women with interruptions of pregnancy in the period of 23–30 weeks in relation to women with a physiological course of pregnancy. The imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms is characterized by the compensatory mechanisms inclusion of protective inhibition in women with abortion in later stages — 31–36 weeks in relation to women with physiological pregnancy. Significant prevalence of excitation mechanisms over the inhibition mechanisms in women with abortion as compared to women with the physiological course of pregnancy is confirmed by an increase in the ratio of glutamate + aspartate / GABA + glycine.