Objective: to determine the main parameters and indications for immediate prosthetic dentures within the framework of dental implantology.
Material and Methods. Patients with partial defects of low jaw and implantation were divided into three groups. In the first group as a temporary prosthesis there were used acrylic dentures, in the second group — nylon prostheses, in the third group — the combined structure of acrylic dentures with soft lining. In order to assess the status of hard and soft oral tissue contact in implantation techniques used included: salivation rate determination; Schiller–Pisarev test; there studied biopotentials with the oral mucosa.
Results. When used as a temporary prosthesis nylon increase salivation after application of the prosthesis is not so significant — 327% to (0.69±0.10 ml/min), and gradually decreases the time to the level of prosthetic (0.51±0.14) ml/min. The use of prostheses with soft linning — increase in the rate of biopotentials after surgery occurred only 9.8% to a value of (180.6±3.4) mV followed by a decrease to the level before surgery and remained so even after the fixation of the prosthesis. Improving indicators of inflammation was hardly significant — 29.9 %, and the beginning of prosthetic practically reduced to the initial level, and after fixing the non-removable prosthesis inflammation was observed.
Conclusion. The research indicates that the use of double-layer composite prostheses significantly reduces the inflammation in the implant area, which accelerates osteointegration processes, improves the general condition of the oral cavity and zone of implantation.