Introduction. Myopia is a multifactorial disease. One from pathogenesis key of myopia is oxidative stress. It is lack of information on gene polymorphism glutathione-S-transferase in patients with myopia.
Purpose. To study glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphism in patients with myopia with different rates of disease progression.
Materials and methods. The study involved 47 patients with myopia of low, mild and high degree. Determination of the polymorphic alleles of the gene glutathione-S-transferases M1 and T1 was performed by isolating genomic DNA from leukocytes. Polymorphic area GSTM1, GSTT1 amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
Results and discussion. We found that among patients with myopia frequency distribution of genotypes GSTM1 and GSTT1 statistically is not significantly different from that of the donor. In turn, patients with myopia GSTM1 null genotype are met in 53.2% of cases. In the group of myopia null GSTT1 genotype is met in 10.6% of cases. As a result of the studies it was detected that in patients with a combination of genotypes: lack of gene deletion GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene deletions there are more patients with progressive myopia statistically proved. Groups of patients with GSTT1+ genotype and GSTT1- are of the same number as patients with progressive myopia (p=0.3561). In turn, the group of patients with genotype GSTM1- has more cases of progressive myopia (p=0.0012) statistically proved.
Conclusion. The presence of deletions of genes GSTT1 and GSTM1 is not a factor of susceptibility to myopia occurrence. However, the presence of GSTM1 gene deletion may be a factor that increases the risk of myopia progression, GSTT1 gene deletion does not affect the rate of disease progression.